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Identifying vane wear in a rotary vane vacuum pump

Reduced ultimate vacuum, rising noise, oil misting and elevated running temperature, and the failure sequence behind them.

UPDATED 13 JULY 2026EVERY FIGURE SOURCED WHERE NOTHING IS PUBLISHED, WE SAY SO
The short answer

Vane wear presents in a consistent order: reduced ultimate vacuum, then increased noise, then oil misting from the exhaust, then elevated running temperature.

Falling ultimate vacuum is the earliest indication and the cheapest to monitor. Once the housing bore is scored, replacing the vanes no longer restores the pump.

01The failure sequence

1
The vanes wear shorter in normal service. They are a sacrificial component.
2
The vane tips no longer reach the housing wall at the top of the stroke. A clearance opens.
3
Gas leaks back through the clearance. Ultimate vacuum falls, the pump runs longer for the same duty, running temperature rises, and the oil degrades faster.
4
Contact with the bore becomes uneven. The manufacturer's term for the resulting wear pattern is washboarding.
5
HOUSING DAMAGE The bore is scored. A new set of vanes will no longer restore the pump.

Source: manufacturer failure guidance, oil-lubricated rotary vane series.

02Non-genuine vanes

The manufacturer documents a distinct failure mode for non-genuine replacement vanes. They may become brittle or delaminate, absorb oil and swell, and having swollen, stick in the rotor slots.

Source: manufacturer guidance on non-genuine replacement vanes.

A vane that has swollen and jammed in its slot cannot extend, and therefore cannot seal. The pump is at stage 2 of the sequence above from the point at which the part was fitted. A vane that delaminates also sheds material into the pump.

03The 20,000-hour figure

A common specification error

A 20,000-hour vane life is published for the dry-running VT/VX X-series. The figure applies to a dry pump with carbon vanes.

It does not apply to the oil-lubricated U-series. No vane life is published for the oil-lubricated series.

The figure is frequently quoted for oil-lubricated pumps in error. A maintenance plan built on it rests on a figure the manufacturer never issued for that machine.

The question has been put to the manufacturer. If a figure for the oil-lubricated series exists it will be published here. If the answer is that no such figure exists, that answer will also be published.

04Establishing the interval without a published figure

1
Record vane length and running hours at every service.
2
Trend the wear rate in millimetres per thousand hours. After two services the slope is established; after three, the replacement date can be predicted.
3
Monitor ultimate vacuum. It is the earliest symptom and appears well before any change in noise.
4
Check oil condition daily. A pump running hot degrades its oil faster, so the oil charge reports on the vanes before the vanes do.

The vane set is specific to the pump variant and is identified from the nameplate.

The drawing

The clearance opens before anything sounds wrong

Four vanes in an eccentric rotor. Watch the tips stop reaching the wall — and watch what the gauges do about it.

VACUUM PUMPS
FIGSCHEMATIC · THE SHAPE IS THE POINT · THE NUMBERS ARE YOURS
Every figure on this page — and where it comes from
SOURCED
FigureValueSource
Vane life, oil-lubricated seriesNOT PUBLISHEDNo manufacturer figure located. Enquiry submitted.
Vane life, dry VT/VX X-series20,000 hrs, a different pumpManufacturer VT/VX documentation. Does not apply to oil-lubricated pumps.
Non-genuine vane failure modeBrittle / delaminate; absorb oil and swell; stick in rotor slotsManufacturer guidance on non-genuine vanes
Wear pattern from uneven contactWashboarding, leading to housing damageManufacturer failure guidance
Vane wear limitNOT PUBLISHED as a dimension; the set is replaced against trended wear rateNo manufacturer figure located.
i If you find an error on this page, tell us — and we will correct it publicly.

!What is not published

No vane life is published for the oil-lubricated U-series. The question has been put to the manufacturer, and no figure appears in any document we have located.

The 20,000-hour figure in general circulation belongs to the dry-running VT/VX series and does not apply to oil-lubricated pumps.

?Questions we are asked

How can vane wear be identified?

The symptoms appear in order: reduced ultimate vacuum first, then increased noise, then oil misting from the exhaust, then elevated running temperature. Falling ultimate vacuum is the earliest and cheapest to monitor.

What is the vane life of an oil-lubricated rotary vane pump?

No figure is published for the oil-lubricated series. The 20,000-hour figure in circulation belongs to the dry-running VT/VX X-series. Vane length should be recorded at each service and the wear rate trended.

Why is the pump losing vacuum?

The most common mechanical cause is vane wear: the tips no longer reach the housing wall, a clearance opens, and gas leaks back. A saturated oil separation element, a blocked intake filter and degraded oil should also be checked.

Are non-genuine vanes a false economy?

The manufacturer documents that non-genuine vanes may become brittle or delaminate, absorb oil and swell, and stick in the rotor slots. A vane that cannot extend cannot seal, and the resulting uneven contact scores the housing bore.

The failure guide

The whole of this, in Arabic,
on your maintenance engineer's desk.

Bilingual Arabic/English. Symptom index, published intervals, the elastomer question, and what one pump consumes in a year. Printable. Free. Ask and we will send it.